Impact of Internet Addiction on Social Skills

Impact of Internet Addiction on Social Skills The world continues to progress all the time with the rapid development of new technologies. Inventions like telephone, television, computers, and Internet being one of  the most recent in a series of technological developments have proven that people are no  longer limited by geographical boundaries. Almost everyone will agree that Internet is  the largest and most flexible source of information in the world today. It is widely used  by the business world for conducting their daily work or research and by individuals for  communication, entertainment, learning and relaxing. However, apart from the  advantages there are some disadvantages of the excessive use. Internet has been  responsible for decreased family time, relationship problems, lower productivity in  employment, continuation of false information and the increasing of psychological  problems (Beard, 2005). The development of Internet is increasing worldwide and the  excessive use leads to Internet addic tion that became a common problem nowadays. The nature of the term addiction is difficult to define. Addiction has been referred  as an uncontrollable compulsive behavior that despite of the negative consequences it is a  repeated behavior. This behavior includes using more of the substances than intended;  having unsuccessful attempts to stop, and experiencing problems in their social and work  environment (Kring, Johnson, Davison, Neale, 2010). Internet addiction disorder was first seen in the U.S press in 1995, in an article  that was published in New York Times with the title The Lure and Addiction of Life On  line ». The author of the article, O Neill, stated that health professionals related excessive  Internet use to obsessive shopping, exercise, and gambling (Chack Leung, 2004). Goldberg (1996) presented the first definition for Internet addiction, describing it as a  behavioral addiction that took the criteria from substance dependence from the DSM-IV. Griffiths (2000) expanded the definition by stating that technological addictions are a  subset of behavioral addictions that include six components (salience, mood  modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict and relapse). Also Internet addiction might  be caused by many aspects of internet use like distant communication, the fact that there  is no face to face contact, and other online activities like chat rooms (Griffiths, 2000). A  second definition that was called Problematic Internet Use (PIU) took criteria from DSM-IV and was associated with pathological gambling (Young, 1996). The author stated that  in order for a person to be addicted he/she has to meet five of the eight criteria. Some of  these criteria are, obsession with internet, environmental problems, withdrawal when  reducing internet etc. Also according to Young, Problematic Internet Use could be more  related to impulse control disorder that substance dependence. The problem that arises  out o f these two definitions is that they neither exclude co-morbidity as an important  factor nor determine whether the time spent on the internet is related to their normal work  or to a pathological addiction. Both defitions support a pathological etiology that has no  theoretical base (Hall Parsons, 2001). By extending the definition of Young, Davis (2001) suggests that problematic  internet can be regarded as Specific Pathological Internet Use and Generalized  Pathological Internet Use. The first is using the internet to increase an addiction that has  occurred before (gambling), while the second is about the general use of internet  (searching, chatting). Another definition that was presented for internet addiction was  named Internet Behavior Dependence. This definition suggests that excessive Internet use  can cause problems to cognitive, behavioural, and emotional functioning in a generally  healthy person. The dependence that a person has on internet can been seen by the  following: deficient in satisfaction with all areas in his life, like school, work or home,  use of internet with less pleasure, feels worry when not using, failure in controlling the  use regardless of all the physical, psychological and social problems. No matter how  someone call it, Int ernet- related disorders are arising as a serious problem for which  people need understanding, help and change. The internet because of its rapid spread is reachable nowadays by almost  everyone and especially college students. They tend to be more vulnerable than others  because of the developmental stressors, like social relationships, and because internet can  be easily accessed. Many students use it nowadays for many purposes, like preparing  course works, search information, communicate, and entertain those selves (Ceyhan,  2008). Also online relationships differ from real relationships ». Through internet  anonymity is provided and anxiety is reduced because there are no face to face  interactions. The self- presentation of a person in an online activity may prevent him from  being judged for his appearance or personality style (Kandell, 1998). Therefore students  are more likely to develop problems with internet than others. Many studies have been  conducted using DSM- based criteria and showed higher rates in internet use among  college students than in gen eral population (Morahan- Martin Schumacher, 1999;  Yang, 2001). In the literature there is a great number of studies showing that Internet  addiction has been related to many variables apart from social skills such as gender and  internet expertise (Morahan-Martin Schumacher, 1997), age and grade level  (Johansson, 2004), online experiences and the amount of time spent online (Morahan-  Martin, 1999), depression, with increased levels of depression being associates with  internet addiction (Young, Rogers, 1998), and impulse control disorder (Shapira, 2003). Social skills are a fundamental factor in the development of the relationships. They include all the behaviours that a person should have in his/her interactions and  communication with other people (Teodoro, 2005). Caplan (2002) developed a theory  imploring deficient social skills. The author claimed that people who are depressive and  lonely tend to have a negative view towards their social skills. Another explanation can  be that people who tend to be low in social skills are attracted by some special features of  online communication. These features allow the person to adopt another self-presentation  that cannot be developed through face to face interaction. Through this, a person may  exaggerate and present himself different than he is in real life (Caplan, 2002). Thus, for  some people Internet is a place much easier and safe because of its anonymity and  because it requires less interpersonal communication. It is a place less stressful where  they can control their social skills better than having a face to face interaction (Shaw   Black, 2008). There have not been conducted a lot of studies until now that measure internet  addiction and social skills in college students. Most of the studies focused on excessive  internet use and how it affects the development of social skills in children and  adolescents (Harman, Hansen, Cochran, Lindsey, 2005). The research that has been  conducted focused in some specific aspects of social skills like shyness, loneliness, social  adjustment. There is a contradiction in the literature referring to these specific aspects of  social skills and internet addiction. Engelberg (2004) in his study about internet use,  social skills and social adjustment found out that individuals who use excessively internet  tend to be lonelier and have problems in their social adjustment in work and in their spare  time. On the other hand, another research found out that by talking online in chat rooms,  loneliness is reduced and social support is increased (Waestlund, Norlander, Archer,  2001). Also another study conducted by Morahan-Martin (2003) found out that lonely  people tend to use internet for emotional support and that their social behaviour is  increased by making online friends. In a study it was shown that shyness and locus of  control were associated with internet addiction. It was found that persons scored higher  levels of internet addiction tend to be shier and indicating more difficulties in their social  life. (Chack Leung, 2004). Most of the studies that have been conducted measured  some specific aspects of social skills that are most of them loneliness, shyness and social  adjustment and social comfort. There is a contradiction in the studies referring to  loneliness and social comfort, with studies indicating different results (Engelberg, 2004;  Waestlund et al., 2001). Due to this contradiction further research should be conducted to  measure whether these aspects of social skills are related in a negative or in a positi ve  way with the use of internet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship  between compulsive internet use and four dimensions of social skills that are loneliness/depression, impulse control, social comfort and distraction. Methods Participants An approximately number of 70 undergraduate college students is going to  participate in the current study. Their age will range from 18 to 35 years  old. The study will be conducted in an English University in northern Greece and  students will be recruited from different departments, the psychology, computer and   business department. The measuring tools will be given in English since they know and  understand the language. Also participants will not be from the same ethnicity but from  different countries like Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania, Serbia and Fyrom. Measures Online Cognition Scale (Davis, Flett, Besser, 2002). The OCS is a  multidimensional questionnaire that was designed to measure Problematic Internet Use. It  is consisted of 36-items that cover four subscales, six items measure loneliness/  depression, ten items measure diminished impulse control, distraction is measured by  seven items and social comfort by thirteen items. Respondents will rate in a seven-point  Likert scale with answers ranging from 1- strongly disagree, 4- neither agree/ nor  disagree to -7 strongly agree. Students will respond to statements such as: I feel safest  when I am on the internet; I use the Internet more than I ought to; I am less lonely  when I am online and I often use the Internet to avoid doing unpleasant things. In  order to avoid order effects the items of the online cognition scale were presented in a  random order. The author in order to establish the validity of the Online Cognition Scale  investigated the association betw een various cognitive and behavioural variables and the  OCS dimensions of problematic internet use. Item-total correlations were highly  significant, ranging from 0.47- 0.77 for social comfort, 0.49- 0.81 for loneliness/depression, 0.50-0.76 for diminished impulse control, and 0.55-0.80 for distraction. Compulsive Internet Use Scale (Meerkerk, Eijnden, Vermulst, Garretsen,  2009). The CIUS was designed to assess the severity of compulsive Internet use. It  includes 14 items and participants will respond in a five-point scale: 0, never; 1, seldom;  2, sometimes; 3, often; 4, very often. The questions included in the scale are like: How  often do you think about the Internet, even not online; How often do you go on the  Internet when you are feeling down. The author in order to test the validity of the test  used another test the online cognition scale. Pearson correlations were high and  significant between CIUS and OCS with p Procedure The sample will be obtained by college students randomly during class or break. Participants are going to fill in the three questionnaires individually with all the useful  instructions provided. They will have the chance to fill them right away or hand them  over later to secretary. Also with the questionnaires they will receive a consent form that  have to sign in order to show that they agree to participate in the study. Participants will  be encouraged to answer as honest as they can, but someone can be never sure about the  answers and if someone will feel offended or upset by a question. Participants will have  the right to withdraw anytime they do not want to continue for any reason, without  receiving any penalty. Confidentiality and anonymity were provided and explained that  the study is only for research. Also, the instructor will be there ready to answer any  question in case of any doubt. Design The design of the study is a correlation design that will measure the two variables,  Internet addiction and the level of social skills. Proposed Analysis Pearson correlation will be conducted for the data analysis that will investigate  the correlation between the severity of compulsive internet use and the level of social  skills.

Compare the portrayal of men and women in Turned and in Tony Kytes, the arch -deceiver :: Charlotte Perkins Gilman Thomas Hardy

‘Turned’ by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and ‘Tony kytes, the arch-deceiver’ by Thomas Hardy, are both short stories. They are about the relationships between men and women. ‘Turned’ is a more severe story. It is about a man called Mr Marroner going abroad for work, and his wife finding out that Mr Marroner had slept with their servant Gerta. Gerta then becomes pregnant and, consequently Mrs Marroner tells Gerta to leave. However, Mrs Marroner soon realises that it was Mr Marroner’s fault, and therefore Mrs Marroner and Gerta leave before Mr Marroner returns home. ‘Tony Kytes, the arch deceiver’ is a more light-hearted story. Tony is a man that likes a lot of women, and there are a lot of women that like Tony. Tony is supposed to be engaged to a young women named Milly, however on a journey home from town he meets two other girls. Both are previous girlfriends and they start flirting with him. Tony ends up with two girls hiding in the back of his wagon and one sitting beside him. He gets in a bit of a muddle. However he ends marrying Milly. This story is about a man who is unsure about how he feels towards his fiancà ©. Mrs. Marroner from ‘turned’ was a well educated, high society woman. She lived in Boston, an upper-class suburb, had a Ph.D. and once lectured at university. A woman being highly educated was very rare for the early 20th century. Because of her suburban upbringing and education she was a confident, free thinking and independent women who relied on no one. She was the more dominant person in her marriage. We know that she has interesting life as the author says ‘her well-filled, well-balanced mind, her many interests.’ This proves that she has an interesting life and has many interests. Mrs Marroner’s feelings for Gerta change a lot throughout the story. When she first found out that Gerta was pregnant, she was devastated, very emotional. She could not believe that something like this could happen because Gerta was almost like a daughter to Mrs Marroner. When Mrs Marroner had thought about what had happened her feelings for Gerta changed again, she re alised that it was Mr Marroners fault. She then decided to forgive Gerta. Many women would put up with a bad husband rather than have no husband, however, Mrs Marroner isn’t like this. She leaves her husband to take care of Gerta.

Mona lisa

Leonardo dad Vinci was born on April 15, 1452 in Vinci, Italy. Born out of wedlock, the love child of a respected notary and a young peasant woman, he was raised by his father, Seer Piper, and his stepmothers. At the age of 14, dad Vinci began apprenticing with the artist Veronica. For six years, he learned a wide breadth of technical skills, including metalworking, leather arts, carpentry, drawing and sculpting. By the age of 20, he had qualified as a master artist in the Guild of Saint Luke and established his won workshop.Many doesn't know, Florentine court records show that dad Vinci was charged with and acquitted of sodomy's at the age of 22, and for two years, his whereabouts went entirely undocumented. In 1482, Leonardo left Florence for Milan, where he became official artist to Ladylove Sports, duke of the city. Leonardo undertook many projects in that time period. Leonardo remained with Sports until the latter's fall from power in 1499, after which he returned to Florence. S ketches and written records indicate that Leonardo worked as a sculptor, but no examples minded.Only about a dozen of paintings can be definitely attributed to him, and several are left unfinished. There are hundreds of drawings and thousands of pages from his notebook that testify to the man being an extraordinary genius. He was many things, writer, mathematician, inventor, and artist. Leonardo dad Vinci was a leading artist and intellectual of the Italian Renaissance who's known for his enduring works â€Å"The Last Supper† and â€Å"Mona Lisa. † The Mona Lisa is perhaps Leonardo Dad Vine's most famous of paintings. It is an oil painting, painted on poplar DOD.The painting is most famous for the smile of the woman, which people have been trying to decipher for a long time. Many believe that the portrait is that of Dad Vinci himself, while many also place a lot mystic connections with this painting. The portrait depicts a woman's bust, with a distant landscape that is visible in the backdrop. Leonardo used a pyramid design to install the woman in a simple and calm manner within the painting. The woman is shown with her hands folded, with her breast, neck, and face painted the same color as her hands.The light is diffused so that the various curves and geometrical shapes on the painting are made visible through it. Perhaps the most interesting thing about the painting is the woman's smile. Many believe that it is innocent and inviting; while others believe it is that of smugness and is a smirk. Many scientific studies have been undertaken to determine the exact nature of the smile and the real reason remains a mystery. It is believed that every person sees the smile differently because of the changes in the lighting hat Leonardo presented.The woman is shown seated in an open area, and behind her is a vast landscape, which recedes to an icy mountain. Some winding paths and a faraway bridge is also perceptible in the background. The painting is an amazing one and one should definitely take a look at it in order to appreciate its full beauty. The painting is currently on display at the Muse du Louvre, in Paris. The Mona Lisa by Leonardo dad Vinci contains many elements and principles of art in its beautiful and â€Å"ideal† portrait.This piece of art was completed in 1519 and is the prototype of the Renaissance portrait. There are many forms of elements in this piece such as line, color, texture, shape, and value. There are also some principles of art; emphasis, digital movement, harmony and balance. Leonardo dad Vinci uses all of these elements and principles in The Mona Lisa which make it such an important contribution to the world of art. Leonardo dad Vinci has shown us many forms of elements in this famous piece such as line, color, texture, shape, and value.There is the element line used in this piece of art to show implied outlines. These are found on The Mona Alias's hands which creates a texture. Another element is color. Although the colors are dull, red, yellow, and blue are used throughout the piece to add color, and balance. It looks like Leonardo dad Vinci the colors to blend from red to yellow, and finally blue in the background. Texture is the degree of roughness and smoothness in an object and is shown in the Mona Lisa through her clothing. Bibliography: Living With Art 10th edition Mark Getting pig. 143 Mona Lisa I have chosen the Mona Lisa to analyze. The portrait of Mona Lisa is also known as La Giaconda, she was the wife of Francesco del Giaconda. This painting was done in oil paints on poplar wood by Leonardo ad Vinci from the year 1503 to 1506. The dimensions of this painting are 76. 2 x 53. 3 CM. The painting is now in the Muse du Louvre in Paris. The Mona Lisa is a painting of a woman, dressed in a dark green dress with her hands overlapping. The background of the painting is a mountainous landscape.The whole painting is a remarkable example of Leonardo suffuse technique of painting. Suffuse is the blurred outline and mellowed colors that allow one form to merge with another and always leave something to our imagination. This is a technique that only Leonardo perfected. Other famous painters such as Van Eyes, Antenna, and Poetical tried, but were unsuccessful in duplicating Leonardo technique. The Mona Lisa has been analyzed over and over by many intelligent people who have theories ab out the painting, and TTS mysterious appearance.It is the expression on the face of the Mona Lisa that seems to be attractive yet distant; these qualities have given the portrait universal fame. Leonardo deliberately used suffuse technique in the corners of the mouth and around the eyes leaving them indistinct by letting them merge into a soft shadow. What strikes us first about the Mona Lisa is the amazing degree to which she looks alive. She really seems to look at us and to have a mind of her own.Like a living Ewing, she seems to change before our eyes and to look a little different each time she is viewed. This is one of the reasons that the Mona Lisa is greatly admired, and is copied all over the world. If we look carefully at the Mona Lisa we will see that the two sides do not quite match. This is most obvious in the landscape in the background. The horizon on the left side seems to lie much lower that the one on the right. When we look at the left side of the woman she appear s to be taller than if we look at the right side.Her face seems to change depending which side we are focusing on, because even here the two sides do not match. Many years ago people looked at portraits with wonder, because they had thought that in preserving the likeness the artist could preserve the soul of the person. In my opinion the Mona Lisa was a turning point in the art of expression, because of suffuse technique of Leonardo do Vinci. Today the Mona Lisa is still one of the most beautiful, and mysterious works of art, as it is still being analyzed to this day. Mona Lisa By Stretches Mona Lisa The Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci is the most famous painting in the world.   In fact, it is the most popular work of art in history.   Millions of people have visited the Louvre to view it.   Though it has been created in the 16th century, it has continued to be controversial at present.   This research paper aims to discuss the history of the painting, and the recent developments around it. It is believed that Leonardo da Vinci began painting the Mona Lisa in 1503 (â€Å"History†).   The painting was finished four years after (â€Å"History†).   It was said that the painting was purchased by King Francois of France in 1516 for 4,000 coins of gold (â€Å"History†; Blake).   Francois I invited Leonardo to France â€Å"to work at Clos Lucà ©,† and the latter died after three years (Wallis 226; Blake).   The painting was eventually included in the monarch's art collection, and was placed in the royal bathroom (Wallis 226). There had been speculation that the painting was reduced after Leonardo's death, and that it originally had two columns on the sides (â€Å"History†).   However, art experts refute this claim.   During the French Revolution, it was said that Napoleon had placed the painting in his bedroom in Tuileries Palace (Blake).   Soon after, it was returned to the Lourve.   The Mona Lisa was temporarily hidden in a location in France in the duration of the Franco-Prussian War and World War II (Blake).   In 1963, the painting was brought to Washington, and was insured for $100 million dollars (Wallis 226).   At present, the painting can still be found in the museum, and is currently a property of the French government.   The painting also has a duplicate, which can be found in Dulwich Picture Gallery (â€Å"History†). In 1911, the Mona Lisa was stolen from the Louvre (Rosenberg 1).   The exact date of the theft was August 21st, but it was only the day after when the authorities noticed that the painting was missing (Rosenberg 1).   It was a painter who first discovered that the Mona Lisa was missing.   The painting was hung on Salon Carrà © of the Lourve and could be found between two other paintings: â€Å"The Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine† by Correggio and â€Å"The Allegory of Alfonso d'Avalos† by Titian (Rosenberg 1). On August 22nd, Louis Bà ©roud only found iron pegs on the wall; the painting was missing (Rosenberg 1). On September 7th that same year, French poet Guillaume Apollinaire was arrested (Rosenberg 2).   He was considered a suspect simply because he was a friend of a known artifact thief named Gà ©ry Pià ©ret (Rosenberg 2).   He was released five days later.   Even world-famous painter Pablo Picasso was considered a suspect (Blake).   Two years had passed before there was any development regarding the theft (Rosenberg 2). In 1913, an antique dealer named Alfredo Geri placed an ad in the newspaper, stating that he was interested in purchasing art pieces (Rosenberg 3).   The thief responded to the ad and introduced himself as Leonardo Vincenzo, and he told Geri he had the Mona Lisa (Rosenberg 3).  Ã‚   Leonardo Vincenzo is actually Vincenzo Peruggia, a former Lourve employee (Rosenberg 3).   He worked in the museum in 1908, but he was still recognized by the museum's security at the time of the theft.   He took the painting from the salon, proceeded to the staircase and detached the painting from its frame.   He hid the Mona Lisa under his smock, and left the museum unnoticed (Rosenberg 3). The Mona Lisa is an oil painting that measures at only 31 x 21 inches (Blake).   The painting is placed on a â€Å"poplar wooden panel† (Blake).   Leonardo used the sfumato method in painting the Mona Lisa (Blake).   In Italian, the term â€Å"sfumato† is â€Å"blended†; the word was derived from â€Å"fumo,† which means â€Å"smoke† (Blake). The Mona Lisa is a painting of a seated woman clothed in Florentine dress, against the backdrop of mountains (Blake).   It is the woman's smile and gaze that have created much buzz around the painting.   The woman was said to be smiling because â€Å"the corners of her mouth was lifted† (Sebe qtd. in Campbell 51). As for her gaze, when the viewer looks unto her eyes, it seems like the woman in the painting is following the viewer's gaze (â€Å"History†).   However, if there was one thing that brought much controversy to the painting, it would be the woman's identity. The painting is also referred to as â€Å"La Gioconda† (Blake).   â€Å"Gioconda† in Italian means â€Å"light-hearted woman† (Blake).   The identity of the woman in the painting had been debated upon for centuries, and several speculations have arisen.   According to Maike Vogt-Là ¼erssen, Isabella of Aragon is the woman in the painting (Blake).   This is because her green dress has a pattern that implies membership in the â€Å"house of Visconti-Sforza† (Blake).  Ã‚   Vogt-Là ¼erssen also saw a likeness between the pictures of Isabella and the woman on the painting. On the other hand, Dr. Lilian Schwartz hints that the woman in the painting may not actually be a woman; rather, it may be Leonardo himself (Blake).   This conclusion was derived from a digital analysis of the painting and Leonardo's portrait, which was found to have been painted in a similar style. It was only until recently that the identity of the woman in the painting was revealed.   In January 2008, Heidelberg University academics have proven that the woman in the painting was Lisa Gherardini del Giocondo (Lorenzi 1).   The proof was found on the margins of a book, and derived from notes by Agostino Vespucci in October 1503 (Lorenzi 1). Vespucci was a friend of Leonardo; in his notes, he stated that Leonardo was working on several paintings, which included that of Lisa del Giocondo (Lorenzi 1).   Lisa was the wife of a silk merchant from Florence named Francesco del Giocondo (Lorenzi 1).   That is the reason why Mona Lisa is the name of the painting; it means Madam Lisa, since â€Å"mona† means â€Å"madam† or â€Å"my lady† in Italian (â€Å"History†). The mystery of the painting may have been revealed, but this surely does not diminish the public's interest in the Mona Lisa.   It has been one of the most significant artworks in history, and will continue to do so in centuries to come. WORKS CITED Blake, Diana. â€Å"The Mona Lisa.† Art History Site. 2008. BellaOnline. 1 April 2008 ;http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art18406.asp;. Campbell, Michael. â€Å"What's Behind The Smile?† Arts & Antiques October 2006: 51. â€Å"History & Pictures Of The Mona Lisa By Leonardo Da Vinci.† Art History Guide. 1 April 2008 . Lorenzi, Rossella. â€Å"Mona Lisa's Identity Confirmed by Document.† Discovery News. 2008. Discovery Communications. 1 April 2008 ;http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2008/01/16/mona-lisa-identity.html;. Rosenberg, Jennifer. â€Å"The Mona Lisa Was Stolen!† About.com. 2008. The New York Times Company. 1 April 2008 ;http://history1900s.about.com/od/famouscrimesscandals/a/monalisa.htm;. Wallis, Denis. Why in the World? Australia: Reader's Digest Pty Limited, 1994.       Mona Lisa I have chosen the Mona Lisa to analyze. The portrait of Mona Lisa is also known as La Giaconda, she was the wife of Francesco del Giaconda. This painting was done in oil paints on poplar wood by Leonardo ad Vinci from the year 1503 to 1506. The dimensions of this painting are 76. 2 x 53. 3 CM. The painting is now in the Muse du Louvre in Paris. The Mona Lisa is a painting of a woman, dressed in a dark green dress with her hands overlapping. The background of the painting is a mountainous landscape.The whole painting is a remarkable example of Leonardo suffuse technique of painting. Suffuse is the blurred outline and mellowed colors that allow one form to merge with another and always leave something to our imagination. This is a technique that only Leonardo perfected. Other famous painters such as Van Eyes, Antenna, and Poetical tried, but were unsuccessful in duplicating Leonardo technique. The Mona Lisa has been analyzed over and over by many intelligent people who have theories ab out the painting, and TTS mysterious appearance.It is the expression on the face of the Mona Lisa that seems to be attractive yet distant; these qualities have given the portrait universal fame. Leonardo deliberately used suffuse technique in the corners of the mouth and around the eyes leaving them indistinct by letting them merge into a soft shadow. What strikes us first about the Mona Lisa is the amazing degree to which she looks alive. She really seems to look at us and to have a mind of her own.Like a living Ewing, she seems to change before our eyes and to look a little different each time she is viewed. This is one of the reasons that the Mona Lisa is greatly admired, and is copied all over the world. If we look carefully at the Mona Lisa we will see that the two sides do not quite match. This is most obvious in the landscape in the background. The horizon on the left side seems to lie much lower that the one on the right. When we look at the left side of the woman she appear s to be taller than if we look at the right side.Her face seems to change depending which side we are focusing on, because even here the two sides do not match. Many years ago people looked at portraits with wonder, because they had thought that in preserving the likeness the artist could preserve the soul of the person. In my opinion the Mona Lisa was a turning point in the art of expression, because of suffuse technique of Leonardo do Vinci. Today the Mona Lisa is still one of the most beautiful, and mysterious works of art, as it is still being analyzed to this day. Mona Lisa By Stretches Mona lisa Leonardo dad Vinci was born on April 15, 1452 in Vinci, Italy. Born out of wedlock, the love child of a respected notary and a young peasant woman, he was raised by his father, Seer Piper, and his stepmothers. At the age of 14, dad Vinci began apprenticing with the artist Veronica. For six years, he learned a wide breadth of technical skills, including metalworking, leather arts, carpentry, drawing and sculpting. By the age of 20, he had qualified as a master artist in the Guild of Saint Luke and established his won workshop.Many doesn't know, Florentine court records show that dad Vinci was charged with and acquitted of sodomy's at the age of 22, and for two years, his whereabouts went entirely undocumented. In 1482, Leonardo left Florence for Milan, where he became official artist to Ladylove Sports, duke of the city. Leonardo undertook many projects in that time period. Leonardo remained with Sports until the latter's fall from power in 1499, after which he returned to Florence. S ketches and written records indicate that Leonardo worked as a sculptor, but no examples minded.Only about a dozen of paintings can be definitely attributed to him, and several are left unfinished. There are hundreds of drawings and thousands of pages from his notebook that testify to the man being an extraordinary genius. He was many things, writer, mathematician, inventor, and artist. Leonardo dad Vinci was a leading artist and intellectual of the Italian Renaissance who's known for his enduring works â€Å"The Last Supper† and â€Å"Mona Lisa. † The Mona Lisa is perhaps Leonardo Dad Vine's most famous of paintings. It is an oil painting, painted on poplar DOD.The painting is most famous for the smile of the woman, which people have been trying to decipher for a long time. Many believe that the portrait is that of Dad Vinci himself, while many also place a lot mystic connections with this painting. The portrait depicts a woman's bust, with a distant landscape that is visible in the backdrop. Leonardo used a pyramid design to install the woman in a simple and calm manner within the painting. The woman is shown with her hands folded, with her breast, neck, and face painted the same color as her hands.The light is diffused so that the various curves and geometrical shapes on the painting are made visible through it. Perhaps the most interesting thing about the painting is the woman's smile. Many believe that it is innocent and inviting; while others believe it is that of smugness and is a smirk. Many scientific studies have been undertaken to determine the exact nature of the smile and the real reason remains a mystery. It is believed that every person sees the smile differently because of the changes in the lighting hat Leonardo presented.The woman is shown seated in an open area, and behind her is a vast landscape, which recedes to an icy mountain. Some winding paths and a faraway bridge is also perceptible in the background. The painting is an amazing one and one should definitely take a look at it in order to appreciate its full beauty. The painting is currently on display at the Muse du Louvre, in Paris. The Mona Lisa by Leonardo dad Vinci contains many elements and principles of art in its beautiful and â€Å"ideal† portrait.This piece of art was completed in 1519 and is the prototype of the Renaissance portrait. There are many forms of elements in this piece such as line, color, texture, shape, and value. There are also some principles of art; emphasis, digital movement, harmony and balance. Leonardo dad Vinci uses all of these elements and principles in The Mona Lisa which make it such an important contribution to the world of art. Leonardo dad Vinci has shown us many forms of elements in this famous piece such as line, color, texture, shape, and value.There is the element line used in this piece of art to show implied outlines. These are found on The Mona Alias's hands which creates a texture. Another element is color. Although the colors are dull, red, yellow, and blue are used throughout the piece to add color, and balance. It looks like Leonardo dad Vinci the colors to blend from red to yellow, and finally blue in the background. Texture is the degree of roughness and smoothness in an object and is shown in the Mona Lisa through her clothing. Bibliography: Living With Art 10th edition Mark Getting pig. 143 Mona Lisa I have chosen the Mona Lisa to analyze. The portrait of Mona Lisa is also known as La Giaconda, she was the wife of Francesco del Giaconda. This painting was done in oil paints on poplar wood by Leonardo ad Vinci from the year 1503 to 1506. The dimensions of this painting are 76. 2 x 53. 3 CM. The painting is now in the Muse du Louvre in Paris. The Mona Lisa is a painting of a woman, dressed in a dark green dress with her hands overlapping. The background of the painting is a mountainous landscape.The whole painting is a remarkable example of Leonardo suffuse technique of painting. Suffuse is the blurred outline and mellowed colors that allow one form to merge with another and always leave something to our imagination. This is a technique that only Leonardo perfected. Other famous painters such as Van Eyes, Antenna, and Poetical tried, but were unsuccessful in duplicating Leonardo technique. The Mona Lisa has been analyzed over and over by many intelligent people who have theories ab out the painting, and TTS mysterious appearance.It is the expression on the face of the Mona Lisa that seems to be attractive yet distant; these qualities have given the portrait universal fame. Leonardo deliberately used suffuse technique in the corners of the mouth and around the eyes leaving them indistinct by letting them merge into a soft shadow. What strikes us first about the Mona Lisa is the amazing degree to which she looks alive. She really seems to look at us and to have a mind of her own.Like a living Ewing, she seems to change before our eyes and to look a little different each time she is viewed. This is one of the reasons that the Mona Lisa is greatly admired, and is copied all over the world. If we look carefully at the Mona Lisa we will see that the two sides do not quite match. This is most obvious in the landscape in the background. The horizon on the left side seems to lie much lower that the one on the right. When we look at the left side of the woman she appear s to be taller than if we look at the right side.Her face seems to change depending which side we are focusing on, because even here the two sides do not match. Many years ago people looked at portraits with wonder, because they had thought that in preserving the likeness the artist could preserve the soul of the person. In my opinion the Mona Lisa was a turning point in the art of expression, because of suffuse technique of Leonardo do Vinci. Today the Mona Lisa is still one of the most beautiful, and mysterious works of art, as it is still being analyzed to this day. Mona Lisa By Stretches Mona lisa Leonardo dad Vinci was born on April 15, 1452 in Vinci, Italy. Born out of wedlock, the love child of a respected notary and a young peasant woman, he was raised by his father, Seer Piper, and his stepmothers. At the age of 14, dad Vinci began apprenticing with the artist Veronica. For six years, he learned a wide breadth of technical skills, including metalworking, leather arts, carpentry, drawing and sculpting. By the age of 20, he had qualified as a master artist in the Guild of Saint Luke and established his won workshop.Many doesn't know, Florentine court records show that dad Vinci was charged with and acquitted of sodomy's at the age of 22, and for two years, his whereabouts went entirely undocumented. In 1482, Leonardo left Florence for Milan, where he became official artist to Ladylove Sports, duke of the city. Leonardo undertook many projects in that time period. Leonardo remained with Sports until the latter's fall from power in 1499, after which he returned to Florence. S ketches and written records indicate that Leonardo worked as a sculptor, but no examples minded.Only about a dozen of paintings can be definitely attributed to him, and several are left unfinished. There are hundreds of drawings and thousands of pages from his notebook that testify to the man being an extraordinary genius. He was many things, writer, mathematician, inventor, and artist. Leonardo dad Vinci was a leading artist and intellectual of the Italian Renaissance who's known for his enduring works â€Å"The Last Supper† and â€Å"Mona Lisa. † The Mona Lisa is perhaps Leonardo Dad Vine's most famous of paintings. It is an oil painting, painted on poplar DOD.The painting is most famous for the smile of the woman, which people have been trying to decipher for a long time. Many believe that the portrait is that of Dad Vinci himself, while many also place a lot mystic connections with this painting. The portrait depicts a woman's bust, with a distant landscape that is visible in the backdrop. Leonardo used a pyramid design to install the woman in a simple and calm manner within the painting. The woman is shown with her hands folded, with her breast, neck, and face painted the same color as her hands.The light is diffused so that the various curves and geometrical shapes on the painting are made visible through it. Perhaps the most interesting thing about the painting is the woman's smile. Many believe that it is innocent and inviting; while others believe it is that of smugness and is a smirk. Many scientific studies have been undertaken to determine the exact nature of the smile and the real reason remains a mystery. It is believed that every person sees the smile differently because of the changes in the lighting hat Leonardo presented.The woman is shown seated in an open area, and behind her is a vast landscape, which recedes to an icy mountain. Some winding paths and a faraway bridge is also perceptible in the background. The painting is an amazing one and one should definitely take a look at it in order to appreciate its full beauty. The painting is currently on display at the Muse du Louvre, in Paris. The Mona Lisa by Leonardo dad Vinci contains many elements and principles of art in its beautiful and â€Å"ideal† portrait.This piece of art was completed in 1519 and is the prototype of the Renaissance portrait. There are many forms of elements in this piece such as line, color, texture, shape, and value. There are also some principles of art; emphasis, digital movement, harmony and balance. Leonardo dad Vinci uses all of these elements and principles in The Mona Lisa which make it such an important contribution to the world of art. Leonardo dad Vinci has shown us many forms of elements in this famous piece such as line, color, texture, shape, and value.There is the element line used in this piece of art to show implied outlines. These are found on The Mona Alias's hands which creates a texture. Another element is color. Although the colors are dull, red, yellow, and blue are used throughout the piece to add color, and balance. It looks like Leonardo dad Vinci the colors to blend from red to yellow, and finally blue in the background. Texture is the degree of roughness and smoothness in an object and is shown in the Mona Lisa through her clothing. Bibliography: Living With Art 10th edition Mark Getting pig. 143

How Oracle Works Essays

How Oracle Works Essays How Oracle Works Essay How Oracle Works Essay The following example illustrates an Oracle configuration where the user and associated server process are on separate machines (connected via a network). 1. An instance is currently running on the computer that is executing Oracle (often called the host or database server). 1. A computer running an application (a local machine or client workstation) runs the application in a user process. The client application attempts to establish a connection to the server using the proper Net8 driver. . The server is running the proper Net8 driver. The server detects the connection request from the application and creates a (dedicated) server process on behalf of the user process. 1. The user executes a SQL statement and commits the transaction. For example, the user changes a name in a row of a table. 1. The server process receives the statement and checks the shared pool for any shared SQL area that contains an identical SQL statement.If a shared SQL area is found, the server process checks the users access privileges to the requested data and the previously existing shared SQL area is used to process the statement; if not, a new shared SQL area is allocated for the statement so that it can be parsed and processed. 1. The server process retrieves any necessary data values from the actual datafile (table) or those stored in the system global area. 1. The server process modifies data in the system global area. The DBWn process writes modified blocks permanently to disk when doing so is efficient.Because the transaction committed, the LGWR process immediately records the transaction in the online redo log file. 1. If the transaction is successful, the server process sends a message across the network to the application. If it is not successful, an appropriate error message is transmitted. 1. Throughout this entire procedure, the other background processes run, watching for conditions that require intervention. In addition, the database server manages other users transactions and prevents contention between transactions that request the same data. These steps describe only the most basic level of operations that Oracle performs.

Godiva Europe Case Study

Godiva Europe Case Study BibliographyKernin, Roger A. and Peterson, Robert A. Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments. 11th Edition.GodivaGodiva is a chocolate company famous for its elegant hand-crafted chocolates. It originated in Brussels, Belgium. In July 1991, the President of Godiva Europe, Charles van der Veken completely restructured the company. He fired the marketing staff and changed the retail distribution network by removing Godivas representation from numerous stores. These changes were done to the Godiva-Belgium network making these franchises comparable to those in the United States and Japan.Godiva was purchased in 1974 by the multinational Campbell Soup Company. Godiva International is made up of three decision centers: Godiva Europe, Godiva USA and Godiva Japan.The current concern of Godiva International is to convey a similar image of Godiva chocolates across the world: the image of a luxury chocolate that is typically Belgian. Belgium is the birthplace of chocolates and where th e consumption is strongest.Franà §ais : Truffes Godiva en vitrine de leur maga...In Spain and Portugal, chocolates are a new concept. Godiva was first to introduce its chocolates a few years ago and consumers were very receptive. Godiva has opportunities to expand in these markets. With the right marketing techniques Godiva has the ability to grow.Godiva also had opportunities to grow in Japan. One problem is that 75 percent of chocolate purchases take place around Valentines Day. Godiva must find ways to attract the Japanese market to chocolates on other holidays and occasions, not just Valentines Day.Godiva hand-makes 30 percent of their chocolates and the other 70 percent is machine made. Of the 70 percent machine-made, 60 percent are decorated by hand. Since Godiva hand-makes some of its chocolates, it has an advantage over other chocolate companies. This is also a reason Godiva is more expensive than other chocolate companies. Consumers are drawn to these chocolates...

The Three Most Important Things I Now Know About California Government Essay

The Three Most Important Things I Now Know About California Government - Essay Example Water is among the basic needs of humans and its constant supply to the public is an important service provided by governments. California County officials appreciate the responsibility of supplying water to the people. That informs the current debate in the state to ensured water security through exploitation of modern innovation. Before the class, I maintained the viewpoint that the State government prioritized challenges to having clean water in California as a priority in their laws and policies. After the class, I knew it was the contrary. Instead, the existing State regulations and agency practices did not embrace innovations, for instance, in water marketing (Hanak, 2011). State regulations and Federal laws were subject to conflict related to water availability to the residents of California. The interest group and media discuss pertinent issues such as security, democracy, and heath care that important in ensuring a balanced society. In California, the media and other interest groups are influential in policymaking such a promoting the concerns of health care. An example is the importance of mending the cigarettes bill in California. There is a high number of youths in the State suffering from addiction to smoking because of the introduction of the e-cigarettes. The participation of anti-tobacco group in fighting against the introduction of e-cigarettes bill such as the American Lung Association in California signifies the implications of the bill on human health. Senator Corbett of San Francisco Bay Area is coordinating other interest groups and the media in their efforts to crack down the marketing and distribution of dangerous tobacco products in the State. All these efforts are indications that health is a vital issue that must be prioritized by the government. That justifies the consideration of the discussion by interest group and the media as a second most important

Intellectual Property Rights Infringement of TV Productions Essay

Intellectual Property Rights Infringement of TV Productions - Essay Example The UK law does not require copyright to be registered as trademarks, designs and patents. A copyright in UK is created automatically with the creation of the work. Therefore, it can be enforced in case of infringement without prior registration in UK. Conversely, the other member countries of the Berne Convention require that copyright should be registered to create evidence of original author of the work and the time of creation. This way it assists the courts in deciding copyright infringement cases. In UK, there is no such mandatory requirement to register for enforcement of copyrights in the courts. Likewise, the symbol  © is not required by law in UK to be used on the literary, artistic, musical, cinematographic, records and related rights either. It is understood that these works are copyrighted and protected under CDPA, 1988. On the other hand, there are countries and people in UK who still use symbol  © on their works to show that these are copyrighted works and in case of infringement can be fully enforced against the infringer. The law of copyright protection provides the exclusive protection to the author to make copies of the work, sell or license it and use it for any purpose whatsoever. It provides protection to the broadcasters and singers in the shape of exclusive rights to their broadcasted work to ensure that others do not infringe upon their rights. The law recognizes 50 years of protection to films and cinematographic works from the date of the manufacturing of the work (Copyright Service 2012). Likewise, the copyrights in the broadcast last for 50 years, starting from the end of the calendar year in which the broadcast was first made. The copyright in the work arises automatically... This essay discusses the copyright law of UK and intellectual property rights, that constitute transforming ideas into tangible products and services. The diversity in the ideas that give rise to products and services today, requires that there are different protections available for every different aspect of a product or service. Likewise, the concept of protection of these products and services was highlighted in 1886 and a treaty came into existence titled Berne Convention for the Protection of Copyrights and Artistic Works. It was realized that the intellectual property in the form of literary, musical and artistic works requires protection globally, and all countries which are members of the World Trade Organization shall become members of the Berne Convention. The UK law does not require copyright to be registered as trademarks, designs and patents. A copyright in UK is created automatically with the creation of the work. Therefore, it can be enforced in case of infringement wi thout prior registration in UK. The copyright in the work arises automatically as it is created with the work. It is not mandatory to register a copyright for a work. However, if registered, it can be easily proved in the courts of law in case any instance of infringement has occurred. According to the UK law on copyrights and related rights, the film and TV productions can be entirely covered under copyright protection. The copyright holder can either sell the rights in the film and TV production or license it to others to broadcast it.